Equidad y gasto público en América Latina. Una aproximación empírica
Equity and Public Expenditure in Latin America. An empirical approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59773/ci.v6i2.91Palabras clave:
Desigualdad, pobreza, gasto público, educación, saludResumen
El objetivo es establecer la relación entre el aumento en el gasto público total y social y la reducción de la pobreza y la desigualdad de renta en América Latina. Para el efecto, se estima un modelo de datos de panel para 17 países de América Latina desde 1990 a 2019, con el índice de Gini y distintos indicadores de pobreza como variables dependientes, que están en función del gasto público total y del gasto público en salud y educación del gobierno general. Se incorpora además el PIB per cápita y otras variables de control. Los resultados demuestran que el gasto público tiene un potencial significativo como herramienta redistributiva en América Latina, pero su efectividad depende de cómo se focalicen e implementen los recursos. El gasto público en salud destaca como mecanismo eficiente para reducir tanto la desigualdad como la pobreza, en tanto que el gasto público en educación muestra efectos menos evidentes.
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